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Ekaterina II ���ܧѧ�֧�ڧߧ� II (1729 -1796 years, November 6, 2011), Empress of Russia (1762-1796 reign), call her Catherine II or Catherine the Great.
if we do not agree to reduce if I can live to be two hundred years old, all of Europe will prostrate at my feet; cruel and improve the lives of people intolerable situation, even if we oppose themselves sooner or later so do; governance of this vast country of Russia, only absolute monarchy, without which are unwise move - Ekaterina II
Ekaterina formerly known as Sofia, was born in a German the small Duke family, childhood, he joined his mother traveled to many cities in Europe, and have been to many German princes palace, but the fate of her turning point occurred in 1744, this year the Russian Empress leaves Lisa Vita for her heirs Peter (later Peter III) selection wife, Catherine as a candidate to be invited to the Russian court.

time when Catherine with his mother's carriage Benz in the East European Plain yidao, may the future is full of expectations, her childhood familiar palace strife, will have to face the future on the complexity of life at the court apparently has enough mental preparation. To Moscow, Ekaterina soon as the spouse of the Crown Prince, but the next 18 years is not easy for her. The leaves the lisa Vitalievitch Queen of her hot and cold, making her even more painful is her husband, Peter, is a body frail, weak-willed and strange and brutal people pet his mistress, often humiliation Catherine. During this time, Catherine claiming "No, no books, no when there is no pain, but never happy" accumulated knowledge in the books, but secretly organized a small group to her love Fugelige Lee • • the Orlov five brothers young officers led by the Guards, the strength of support for her iron fist. In
1762 death of the Queen leaves Lisa Vita, the being pregnant Ekaterina dare act rashly, watched her husband and chief sworn enemy Bide Deng on the throne, Tsar Peter III. Peter III came to power after a series of stunning action, finally forced ourselves on the road to ruin. (L $ dj��.��r��) he ordered that the situation is excellent in the Seven Years' War, in sight of the Russian army to stop fighting, exit the share of the Prussian land, signed a peace treaty with the Prussian King Frederick II, because he is an admirer of Frederick II, is also preparing to "personally led part of the army, to follow the command of Frederick II. In the country, he wants the Russians to convert to Lutheranism announced letter Orthodox human pagan, the confiscation of the property of the Orthodox Church. The result, naturally people wanted change. Orlov brothers and Cossack leader Lazu Karimov Sharansky's help, Catherine coup successfully seize the throne, the imprisoned Peter III, a few days later, Peter III mysterious death. After 18 years, bite the bullet, Catherine finally come this day, to become the world's the dimensionality largest empire the owner.
Catherine the greatest achievement in Russian territorial expansion, which is her history major impact. Including the partition of Poland three times, two of Turkey's war and once the war on Sweden. on
in Poland, Ekaterina step-by-step strategy, first elected king of Poland in 1763 to manipulate the meeting, her love �������� to Minkowski help on the Polish throne. 1772, Russia and Prussia, Austria, the first partition of Poland (history. Cn) has been part of Belarus and Latvia. Polish patriots who perish before the revolt Patriotic Party adopted the "five-Constitution in 1791, announced the abolition of the free election kingship and freedom veto power, and the result was the Russian general bilateral joint pressure. Ekaterina troops captured Warsaw, the annulment of the "five-Constitution, with the signing of the agreement the second partition of Poland and Prussia (history. Cn) part of Western Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania. Catherine army bayonet in 1793, Poland last Parliament "silent consent" form through the mercy of the treaty. Catherine had probably want to remain her lover a puppet kingdom after the 1794 Polish the salvation uprising surging in the joint Austro two countries to suppress the Polish uprising for Free Big Sleep, decided that the third partition of Poland, so this The country completely disappeared from the map. Three partition of Poland, the greedy polar bear is divided into 46 more than 10,000 square kilometers of land.
Peter the Great reign could not complete the desire to open up the Black Sea to the sea, Turkey is always the number one imaginary enemy of Tsarist Russia. Ekaterina era war against Turkey was surprisingly smooth. In 1768, the Russian tease, Turkey declared war on Russia, originally preached a one-sided advantage in Russia, that was a close contest in the victory for the Danube, Crimea, the Caucasus and the Aegean four fronts, Peace Treaty in 1774, Turkey in addition to cede territory and pay indemnities, also forced to admit that the Crimean Khanate independent (after the Russian annexation), and recognize the Russian merchant ships can freely enter and leave the Black Sea to the sea.
Turkey naturally refused to let go, both sides are preparing for war. War Two broke out again in 1787. This time, the Russian military in the Suvorov (person must be later in the war with Napoleon but also play an active role), led to win more thoroughly, the Izmail a war and annihilating over 20,000. Turkey once again signed a peace treaty with the identity of the loser ceded land between Nan Buge River Dniester, and recognition of the Crimea into Russian territory. Once mighty Ottoman Empire in West Asia sick man reduced to being trampled upon in the process, Catherine is the biggest catalyst. (On www.TodayOnHistory.com)
there is a small episode in the second Russian-Turkish War, the Swedish actor King Gustav would like to seize the opportunity to attack Russia's Baltic Fleet, the results defeat and go. Sweden, Poland and Turkey have been the three main target of Russia's expansion in Europe, in the reign of Catherine the total victory.
looked greatly expanded Russian territory, Catherine lofty said: "If I could live to be two hundred years old, all of Europe will prostrate at my feet!"
Catherine has long had read the works of many Western European Enlightenment thinkers, in the popular "enlightened despotism" era, she also become fashionable Chaser, ascended the throne after the close correspondence with Voltaire Contact has also funded through the "Encyclopedia of the representatives of the faction" Diderot. She set up all types of schools, advocated literary creation, to take a policy to encourage the development of capitalist industry and commerce, the abolition of restrictions on trade, but hot after sitting in the Czar despotism throne, her mind gradually changed. peasant uprising led by posing Tsar Peter III Pugachev
1773 lasted a year and more on the suppression of it, but not occupied important strategic significance of the major cities, but still make the Queen feel a huge shock. She further strengthen the centralization of power, such as to change the provincial, state, county, three-tier system for the two-tier system of the provincial, county, and to give greater powers of aristocracy more, 1787 issued by the Russian aristocracy freedom and privileges edict "epitomizes She also is known as the" noble Queen. In this regard, although beneficial in the short term to consolidate his rule, but in the long term, exacerbated the aristocratic serf-owners and serf class Contradictory exploitation and oppression suffered by the serfs further deepened. Serfdom has been a chronic problem in the Russian society, Catherine II, exacerbated it and to solve this thorny pushed to her offspring.
the other hand, given more freedom in the aristocratic, so advanced molecular and full access to the liberal ideas of Western Europe, to open a door for Russia's modernization. The overthrow of the tsarist autocracy and serfdom in Russia the First Shout is issued from the progressive nobility.
Ekaterina is said to be very romantic, famous among her lover Gregory Orlov, wave gold, Poniatowski them at different times Ekaterina cause more brilliant. However, compared with the three Nvsha Huang before her, she may also not dissolute and shameless.
All in all, Catherine II history is mainly reflected in the changes in the international structure and layout. Her rapidly fading Poland disappeared and Turkey, while Russia more powerful, the dominant force further approaching the heart of Europe, the era of the Napoleonic wars in the upcoming invincible. The mighty Nvsha Huang ranks 39th in the rankings.
Review: Catherine II during the early years of frustration had freedom, equality, fraternity Enlightenment thought had a great love, but when she took the helm, but it became a maintenance of the old system and the privileged class "noble Queen. The same situation appear in the body of her grandson Alexander I and her contemporaries Prussian King Frederick II. Outstanding politicians they are very informative, but they ultimately strengthen the autocratic form of the most conducive to their own rule, and this perhaps explains, the emperors after all difficult to become the leading force in the push history forward.