January 9, 1878 (Landmarks twelfth lunar month, seventh day), Italy's King Victor Emmanuel II's death.




Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II (Vittorio Emanuele II, or translated Vittorio Emmanuel II, March 1820 14 Day to January 9, 1878), Sardinia - Piedmont King reigned (1849 to 1861), (history. com) after the unification of Italy, the first king (1861 ~ 1878 years). Share We are to comply with the treaty, but we are suffering from Italy all sides cries can not remain indifferent - Victor Emmanuel II On Government must support Italy over the anti-Olympic movement
( : A Chol) mention of Italian independence movement, people will think of Italy founding three heroes Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi's great achievements, of course, as their backing, the founding monarch Victor Emmanuel II the role can not be ignored. (1 $ dj��.c��m), compared with almost the same age independence movement in Germany, the situation faced by the Italian independence movement is more complex, more difficult, therefore, can not figure such as Bismarck Yili dyke the efforts of the three heroes are indispensable, and King Victor Emmanuel in more subtle role. over Italy
Despite a common language, a common culture, a common national identity, but since the Roman Empire has never been unified under the same regime, in the 9th century, there have been a Charlie Man descendants ruled the Kingdom of Italy, the scope of its ruling with the the Modern Italian national boundary vastly different. Divided, Italy suffered in the history of contention and destruction of neighboring countries, France, Germany, Spain, Austria, and even the Arab Empire, the Ottoman Empire, have ignited before the war here.
With the rise of 19th century European nationalist thinking, passionate young people in Italy national unity identified as a goal, but look at the situation from the 1840s, the unification of Italy seems to be a distant dream . The situation at that time, in northern Italy's Lombardy and Venice occupied Austria, central Italy, has a large number of small duchy, Tuscan, Parma, Austria they are inextricably linked, or Austrian garrison, or monarchy itself from Austria. The central Italy Rome area around there Papal States, the French garrison protection. Southern Italy Two Sicilies King from the Spanish Bourbons. In addition, there is a Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as the Piedmont, ruled the two parts of Piedmont and Sardinia, its king from the Italian mainland. The Sardinian king
Victor Emmanuel is in this critical year of 1849. His family called the Savoy family, is an old prominent family in Italy, have their own territory from the 11th century onwards. The territory of the Savoy family, after generations of extended, 18th century finally became the Kingdom of Sardinia. Speaking of Victor Emmanuel, must mention his father, Charles Albert, Charles Albert of Sardinia, the Kingdom because of its liberal ideology and a clear-cut anti-Austrian stance attention to become Italy's aspiring young center revolutionary upsurge in 1848, he declared war on Austria, support Milan anti-Austrian uprising failed due to lack of strength, Charles Albert so disheartened and abdication, the Kingdom of Sardinia has become the Italian The eyes of hope where. after
father abdicated, the 29-year-old Victor Emmanuel II, they took over the baton seek national unity. His youth had received strict despotism education also tend to strengthen the dictatorship of the monarch, but the test of the revolution in 1940s to increase the political flexibility, tolerate liberal ideas, retained in 1848 promulgated Constitution, the Italian princes only retain the form of a constitutional system of the country, and this is important, only the liberal support, it may be Italy's great cause of reunification. Ayman Nur throne
Viktor second year, the Cabinet sharp a thinking, resourceful character stand out, he is when he was Chancellor of the Exchequer Ghafoor, from a noble, is a very successful businessman 1847 founded the "renaissance" as a starting point, went to the front desk of the era. In 1852, the king appointed Cavour cabinet, began a course of cooperation of two of the past 10 years. Cooperation between them, just as the era of William I and Bismarck as outsiders seems to be very successful, but the potholes, the only parties to appreciate men. Cavour was caused because of a blow to the church forces pious King and the Queen Mother's dissatisfaction, resentment of the king also urged the king and the French marriage, even after the signing of the "ά�����ʼ� Peace Treaty" also once left, but two based on a rational politician, or promote this cooperation has become a model of success in the history of world politics. after
Ghafoor prime minister, the first in the country for some purposes to Fuguoqiangbing reforms, including incentives for Industry to promote trade, undermine Church authority, he allows a certain degree of freedom of expression, in particular by allowing The newspapers published a fierce anti-Austrian article. At the same time arms expansion to increase soldiers amount, obviously in preparation for a war. But just to have the power of the Sardinian Government is impossible to achieve a unified, very clear that this monarch. Sardinian country took part in the Crimean War, into fighting on the side of Britain and France, closer distance with Britain and France. 1858, Cavour and the French Emperor Napoleon III reached an agreement, Napoleon sent troops 200,000 the upcoming Saao war help solve the problem, after the recapture of Lombardy and Venice Sardinian country ceded Savoy and Nice as a reward . (Lsjt.net)
proudly and confidently when the court of Turin is authentic when good equipment, folk Mazzini also efforts in another way, he continued to manufacture the uprising and assassination, but like breaks against the face of the rock-solid old forces only hero again and again shed tears. At this time, it touches another folk hero is playing an increasingly important role, he is the Garibaldi. Italian democrats do not want to cooperate, and the king, do not want to join the army, so, Garibaldi will be playing under the banner of "volunteers" to absorb them, so that they reported to the state-owned door Sardinian Government to establish Volunteers Garibaldi funds and other support.
1859, a long-awaited war finally broke out. Lure the Austrians crossed the border river the Sardinian - French coalition forces moving steadily, the Majin Ta victory in the battle to win the Milan Garibaldi volunteers from the flank attack created a lot of unexpected trouble to the Austrians, Austrians was forced to retreat to Venice four fortress. At the same time, the democrats a small state in central Italy, Tuscan, Parma uprising, pro-Austrian regime was ousted, these states have announced the merger and the Kingdom of Sardinia. (Lssjt.cn)
critical moment, Napoleon III was intimidated by the revolutionary situation in Italy and Austria, and they alone make peace, contract provisions Lombard transferred to the Kingdom of Sardinia from France, Venice is still vested in Austria, Italy states still recovery monarchy. This is a heavy blow for the Kingdom of Sardinia, but their own lack of strength of the sufferings of the Victor Emmanuel swallow this tone, Ghafoor his resignation to protest, of course, a few months later, he or return to his position. Savoy and Nice still gave as a reward the halfway traitors, but no one can change the states with the merger of the Sardinian States and Italy. the
1860 years, the uprising in Sicily to the unification brought about a new machine, Garibaldi's "Thousand Volunteers landed in Marsala rapidly grown to more than 20,000 people in just more than a month occupied Sicily. Then, despite the opposition of Cavour Garibaldi, through the Strait offensive Naples corrupt and backward kingdom of Naples, unable to withstand such a blow, and they turned it into the smoke, subsequently Garibaldi Southern Italy hand over Viktor Ai Manuel, not so much his loyalty to the king, rather than his loyalty to the ideal of the unification of Italy. Reference February 1861 in the hall of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel ushered in the most glorious moment in life, Parliament solemnly declared "King Victor Yi Mannu Seoul II as his own, to receive the title of King of Italy for their descendants. "However, the surprise is that Victor Emmanuel and I renamed the King of Italy's first identity, but arranged by the Savoy dynasty family" Victor Emmanuel II . " The (lsjt.org)
God get people, this June, the death of Cavour and the only 51-year-old superstar for nearly 10 years of selfless work of the high-intensity run out ahead of the biggest revolution in the capital, however - body. After this, the king never failed to find a suitable partner such as Cavour, prime minister as cursory camel replace, but fortunately, the rapidly changing international situation, the German reunification also donated to Italy last two gift.
1866, the outbreak of the Austro-Prussian War, the alliance with Prussia, Italy offensive Venice under Austrian rule, despite fighting adverse outcome of the defeat of Austria still young Kingdom of Italy Venice regression. Four years later, the Empire of Napoleon III Prussian chariot crushed, lost the guardians of the Papal States, Rome lasted 1100 years theocratic state this the end of the offensive in Italy, to be naked, Pius IX reluctantly abandon all secular rights, relegated to the Vatican. In 1871, the capital of the Kingdom of Italy solemnly moved to Rome.
great cause of reunification basically completed, but Victor Emmanuel did not kick back and enjoy the fun of the king. The left and right squabbling in parliament, of Mazzini its successor resolutely refused to cooperate with the monarchy, local self-government faction active, Pope inciting the Catholic world isolated in Italy, which have allowed the king to battered. But everything ended in 1878, Victor Emmanuel, the end of life's journey, freeze-frame image of a successful emperors in history. Savoy dynasty continued to rule Italy until die during the Second World War and the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini. achievements
Victor Emmanuel II and Kaiser Wilhelm I, similar, and even more difficulty. Over the next 100 years, the Italian influence is smaller than Germany, Victor Emmanuel II, named after William I in the chart, he ranked 44.
Review: In the process of the unification of Italy, patience, waiting and concessions with determination, strength and aggressiveness as important, it is several times experience "Sometimes, concession requires more courage than courage" this sentence value. A self is caught in the autocratic crisis in a small country, and eventually be able to complete the task of the unification of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II, the most effective to rely on is a popular and best embodies the wisdom of his circuitous wait for a change of strategy.