2024-8-1 Thurday
8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜轰笉浠呮敮閰嶆寮猴紝鑰屼笖闈炲父鑷垜涓績锛屼笉绠¢伃閬囦换浣曢樆纰嶏紝閮戒笉浼氭斁寮冭鏈嶅懆鍥寸殑浜烘帴鍙椾粬浠殑瑙傜偣銆備粬浠線寰涓嶆弧瓒充簬鑷繁鏄墍灞為鍩熶腑鐨勪郊浣艰呯殑杩欑璁ょ煡锛屼竴瀹氳閫忚繃宸ヤ綔鐨勮〃鐜版垨鍔濊鐨勪釜鎬х壒璐紝鏉ヤ娇鍒汉璁よ瘑鍒拌繖涓鐐广傝櫧鐒惰繖绉嶄綔涓洪毦鍏嶄細閬彈鍒拌澶氬け璐ャ佹尗鎶樹笌澶辨湜鐨勬墦鍑伙紝浣嗕粬浠緢灏戜細鍥犳鑰屾斁寮冭繖绉嶅姫鍔涖
杩欎竴澶╁嚭鐢熺殑浜轰篃鏄竴涓枟蹇楅珮鏄傜殑鍕囧+锛屼粬浠細浠ュ厖婊$儹璇氫笌鍏村懗鐨勫績鎯呭畬鎴愪汉鐢熷綋涓殑鐗瑰埆浣垮懡銆傜劧鑰岋紝鍦ㄤ粬浠弗鑲冪敋鑷虫爣姒滅娆蹭富涔夌殑澶栬〃涔嬩笅锛岄瀛愰噷鍏跺疄娼滆棌鐫骞介粯鎰燂紝浣嗗洜涓轰笉鑳藉ぇ鍓屽墝鍦拌〃鐜板嚭鏉ワ紝鍥犳缁忓父鍑虹幇鍙嶈涓庡喎鍢茬儹璁界殑鍙e惢銆傚鍒汉璇濅腑甯﹀埡锛屼笖閽堥拡瑙佽锛屾槸杩欎竴澶╁嚭鐢熺殑浜虹粰鍒汉鐨勫嵃璞★紝浜嬪疄涓婏紝浠栦滑瀵硅嚜宸变竴鏍锋姳鎸佺潃杩欑楂樻爣鍑嗐
8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜哄苟涓嶆槸寰堝ソ鐩稿鐨勪汉锛屽彧鍚懡浜庤嚜宸憋紝瀵逛簬鍒汉鐨勬寚鎸ュ線寰鍡や箣浠ラ蓟锛屽洜姝や粬浠苟涓嶉傚悎鍦ㄥ埆浜哄簳涓嬪仛浜嬨備笉杩囷紝鑻ユ槸鑳藉湪瀹跺涵銆佸伐浣滃満鎵鎴栬壓鏈ぉ鍦版媴浠婚琚栦汉鐗╋紝浠栦滑鍊掓槸鑳滀换鎰夊揩锛涘弽涔嬶紝鑻ユ槸鍙兘褰撴瑕佽鑹诧紝浠栦滑蹇冧腑灏变細浜х敓鑷儹褰㈢Ы鐨勬尗鎶樻劅銆傚浠婂ぉ鍑虹敓鐨勪汉鏉ヨ锛岀敓娲诲彲璇存槸鐗瑰埆鐨勫洶闅撅紝鍥犱负浠栦滑骞朵笉鏄ぉ鐢熺殑“鑰佸ぇ”锛屽亸鍋忓張涓嶈兘婊¤冻浜庡彧鍋“鍕囧+”銆
姝ゅ锛8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜虹粡甯镐細琚嵎鍏ユ槸闈炵殑婕╂丁涓備笉璁轰粬浠仛浠涔堬紝甯镐細寮曡捣浠栦汉鐨勫叴瓒f垨鏁屾剰锛屽洜姝わ紝澶勭悊閭d簺鍐茬潃浠栦滑鑰屾潵鐨勪簤绔篃灏辨垚涓哄徃绌鸿鎯殑浜嬨傝櫧鐒朵粬浠潪甯稿杽浜庣敤瑷璇潵淇濆崼鑷繁锛屼絾纰板埌杩欑鎯呭喌锛岃繕鏄瘮杈冨惧悜浜庣缉鍥炶嚜宸辩殑鐢插3涓紝瀵瑰鐣屼笉鐞嗕笉鐫傝繖涓殣瀵嗙殑钘忚韩涔嬪瀵硅繖涓澶╁嚭鐢熺殑浜鸿岃█锛屽崄鍒嗛噸瑕侊紝涔熸槸浠栦滑鏈鍠滄鐨勫湴鏂广
灏界8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜哄琛ㄧ湅璧锋潵鑷粰鑷冻锛屼絾鏄负浜嗚幏鍙栨渶浣庨檺搴︾殑鐢熸椿闇瑕佷互鍙婁竴涓畨绋崇殑绐濓紝浠栦滑鍙兘闇瑕佸埆浜烘壎浠栦滑涓鎶娿傜劧鑰岋紝鍦ㄤ汉闄呭叧绯讳笂锛屼粬浠櫧鐒舵効鎰忕粰浜堝埆浜轰竴鍒囷紝浣嗗洜瀵瑰伐浣滀笌绉佷汉绌洪棿鐨勯噸瑙嗭紝鑳藉鎻愪緵鐨勮祫婧愬叾瀹炲崄鍒嗘湁闄愩傛墍浠ワ紝鍙湁宸插仛濂藉績鐞嗗噯澶囩殑浜猴紝鎵嶉傚悎涓庤繖浜涗氦寰锛屽苟涓旀垚涓轰粬浠殑鏈嬪弸鎴栦即渚c
8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜烘湁涓椤规渶澶х殑闀垮锛屽氨鏄粬浠兘浠ユ按鏅惰埇閫忔槑鐨勭溂鍏夛紝鏃㈡棤骞诲康涔熸棤闅滆斀鍦拌瀵熷懆閬殑涓栫晫銆傛垨璁革紝浠栦滑闈炲父鍠勪簬鍒堕犺薄寰併佺绉樻垨鍚勭鐭涚浘锛屽嵈寰堝皯鍥犳褰卞搷浠栦滑瀵逛簨鐗╂湰璐ㄧ殑娲炲療鍔涖
姊呭皵缁村皵(Herman Melville)缇庡浗灏忚瀹躲佽瘲浜恒備粬鏇惧綋杩囬摱琛岃亴鍛橈紝鍚庢潵涓轰簡瀵绘眰鍒烘縺锛屼簬1841骞村弬鍔犲紑寰鍗楁捣鐨勬崟椴歌埞闃燂紝涓轰粬鐨勭涓鎵瑰皬璇存彁渚涗簡绱犳潗銆備粬鐨勪唬琛ㄤ綔銆婄櫧椴搞嬪彲璇存槸鑸捣鏁呬簨涓渶浼樼鐨勪竴閮ㄤ綔鍝侊紝涔熶娇寰椾粬琚帹宕囦负鐧惧勾鏉ユ渶浼熷ぇ鐨勭編鍥藉皬璇村涔嬩竴銆
缇庡浗鍥芥瓕鐨勪綔璇嶈呭嚡浼(Francis Scott Key)锛屼粬涔熸槸寰嬪笀銆佽瘲浜猴紝鏇炬媴浠绘瓕浼︽瘮浜氱壒鍖虹殑鑱旈偊妫瀵熷畼锛屽苟瑙e喅闃挎媺宸撮┈宸炲拰缇庡浗鏀垮簻涔嬮棿瀵瑰嵃绗畨鍦熷湴鐨勭籂绾枫
寰峰浗琛ㄧ幇娲剧敾瀹朵笌鍑犱綍鑹烘湳瀹惰但鍏嬪皵(Eric Heckel)銆
璐惧畨灏煎凹(Giancarlo Giannini)鎰忓ぇ鍒╄憲鍚嶇數瑙嗐佺數褰辨紨鍛樸
缃楅┈鍚涚帇鍏嬪姵鍦颁簹鏂(Claudius I)锛屼篃鏄巻鍙插瀹讹紝浜庡墠浠诲悰鐜嬪崱鍒╁彜鎷(Caligula)閬皨鏉鍚庣櫥鍩恒備粬鑷繁鍚庢潵涔熻濡诲瓙闃挎牸涓藉▔濞(Agrippina)涓嬫瘨鏉瀹炽備粬鐨勬晠浜嬫浘琚媿鎽勬垚鐢佃褰遍泦銆婃垜锛屽厠鍔冲湴浜氭柉銆(I, Claudius)銆
娉曞浗鍗氱墿瀛﹀鎷夐┈鍏(Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck)锛屽湪杈惧皵鏂囦箣鍓嶇殑婕斿寲璁鸿呫
8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜哄浜庤嚜宸辩殑鍋ュ悍閮界浉褰撹嚜鍌诧紝鐢氳嚦鏈変簺娲嬫磱寰楁剰锛屽洜姝わ紝浠栦滑浼氬拷鐣ユ參鎬х梾杩欎欢浜嬶紝涓鐐逛篃涓嶄护涓嶆劅鍒扮█濂囥備粬浠簲璇ュ畾鏈熷仛蹇冭剰妫鏌ワ紝鑰屽綋鑳岄儴鍑虹幇閰哥柤鐨勫緛鍏嗘椂锛屼篃瑕佹壘涓涓壇濂界殑鑴婃鎸囧帇娌荤枟甯堟潵甯姪浠栦滑銆傝儗閮ㄤ笅鏂圭殑涓嶉傛垨鎵激锛屽ぇ閮藉拰鍘嬪姏鏈夊叧锛屽洜姝わ紝甯稿父鍧愬姙鍏鐨勪汉搴旇鐣欐剰鑷繁鐨勫潗濮匡紝骞剁粡甯稿湪浼戞伅鐗囧埢鏃朵几灞曚竴涓嬭嚜宸辩殑鑲綋銆傜敱浜庝粬浠簨浜嬮噰鍙栨潈濞佺殑涓撳鎬佸害锛屾湁鏃朵細璁や负鑷繁鍦ㄥ仴搴锋绘槸涓婁篃鎷ユ湁鍚岀瓑鐨勬妸鎻★紝鍥犺屽拷鐣ュ浜轰笌鍖诲笀鐨勫缓璁傛兂瑕佹墦鏂8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜哄鍋ュ悍鐨勫彂瑷鏉冿紝鍔垮繀瑕佹湁涓鍙屽潥瀹炵殑澶ф墜鎵嶅彲浠ャ
澶х浠缃楃墝鐨勭1寮犳槸“榄旀湳甯”锛岃薄寰佺潃鏅烘収銆佹矡閫氬拰璧勮銆傞瓟鏈笀澶翠笂鏈変竴涓唬琛ㄦ棤闄愮殑绗﹀彿锛屾湁鏃朵互瀹藉附琛ㄧず锛屾湁鏃跺垯鏄竴閬撳厜鐜傝繖寮犵墝鏈夎澶氱瑙i噴锛屽叾涓鏄細榄旀湳甯堥鎮熷嚭鐢熷懡寰幆涓嶆伅鐨勬湰璐紝骞朵笖鍥犱负杩欏眰浣撴偀鑰屾嫢鏈夊姏閲忋傛墍浠ユ绔嬬殑鐗岄潰浠h〃瀵屾湁澶栦氦鎵嬭厱銆佺簿鏄庡共缁冿紱鐗岄潰鍊掔珛鍒欒〃绀烘鏃犻【蹇屼笌鎶曟満蹇冩併
8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜轰細鍙楀埌鏁板瓧1鍜屽お闃崇殑褰卞搷銆傚嚭鐢熶簬1鏃ョ殑浜洪兘寰堟兂鎴愪负浜虹兢涓殑浣间郊鑰咃紝鑰屼笖鎬佸害鍧氬喅锛屾复鏈涚埇鍒伴《宄般傝繖涓澶╁嚭鐢熺殑浜哄繀椤荤暀鎰忥紝涓嶈涓轰簡涓宸茬殑鏉冨姏娆茶岃糠澶变簡鑷繁锛岀敋鑷冲皢鍛ㄥ洿鐨勪汉涔熸嫋涓嬫按銆傚お闃充細涓轰粬浠甫鏉ュ己搴︺佸垱閫犲姏涓庣儹鎯咃紙鍥犲お闃虫槸鐙瓙搴х殑涓诲琛屾槦锛屽浜8鏈1鏃ュ嚭鐢熺殑浜鸿岃█褰卞搷鏇存槸寮虹儓锛夛紝浣嗚繖浜涚壒璐ㄥ繀椤诲钩琛″湴鍙戝睍锛屼笉鑳界旱瀹瑰畠浠鏃犺妭鍒跺湴鐙傜劙鍥涘皠銆
鏇垮埆浜鸿韬鍦板湴鎯充竴鎯筹紝涓嶈涓鎰忓琛屻傚伓灏斾篃涓嶅Θ浠庣粡鍥藉ぇ涓氫腑鎶藉嚭涓浜涙椂闂达紝灏嗘敞鎰忓姏杞Щ鍒颁竴浜涙棩甯镐簨鐗╀笂銆傜暀鎰忚嚜宸辩殑宸ヤ綔鎬佸害鏄惁浼氬紩鏉ヤ粬浜虹殑鏁屾剰銆傚繀椤绘椂涓嶅Θ绋嶅井濡ュ崗涓涓嬨
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